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The Sahara, spanning approximately nine million square kilometres across the breadth of northern Africa, constitutes the largest hot desert on the planet - a distinction that belies the remarkable climatic oscillations it has undergone throughout the Holocene epoch. Palaeoclimatological evidence, including fossil…

• Which desert harbours microbial life forms that have adapted to survive inside rock structures at temperatures approaching the absolute boundaries of biological viability?
• Which desert's soils have been employed as a proxy for an extraterrestrial planetary surface in evaluating the sensitivity of scientific instruments?