This is Part 3 of Reading and Use of English: a text with 8 gaps, each paired with a stem word in capitals. You change the stem so that it fits the gap in both grammar and meaning, for example turning 'SUCCEED' into 'unsuccessful'.
The part tests your knowledge of word families: prefixes, suffixes, negative forms, plurals, compound words and spelling changes inside a word. The first gap, (0), is a worked example.
The words around the gap tell you what you need: after 'the' or an adjective, usually a noun; before a noun, an adjective; after a verb, often an adverb. Knowing the class narrows the family down to one or two forms.
Many answers need several changes at once. 'SUCCEED' can become 'unsuccessfully', which takes a noun form, two suffixes and a negative prefix. Once you have the right family member, ask whether it still needs a prefix, a plural or a different ending.
A text often hides a word that needs a negative prefix: 'un-', 'in-', 'im-', 'ir-', 'il-', 'dis-' or 'mis-'. Only the meaning tells you, so read the whole sentence: is the writer describing a problem, a failure or the opposite of what's expected?
When the answer is a noun, check whether it should be singular or plural; a missing 's' loses the mark. Also choose between the person and the thing: 'science' or 'scientist', 'employer', 'employee' or 'employment'.
A correct word with a spelling mistake scores nothing. Watch the changes inside the stem: 'explain' becomes 'explanation', 'pronounce' becomes 'pronunciation', 'long' becomes 'length', and a final 'e' or 'y' often changes before a suffix, as in 'argument' and 'happiness'.
Whenever you meet a useful word, note its whole family: 'able', 'ability', 'unable', 'disabled', 'enable'. Notice which endings make nouns ('-ment', '-ness', '-ity', '-ance'), adjectives ('-ful', '-ous', '-ive', '-able') and verbs ('-ise', '-en', '-ify').